Most existing global warming pollution is due to the countries that have already industrialized: Europe, the United States, and so forth. However, because of sheer numbers, most future pollution will come from nations that are now in the process of industrializing—unless we act to create a clean energy pathway for them. China alone will, within a few years, overtake the U.S. as the world's largest source of global warming emissions.

Poor nations have a right to develop economically, and cannot be expected to bear the additional costs of adopting clean technology, when it is the industrialized nations that have up to this point caused the current warming. Simple fairness suggests that the rich nations must find ways to help developing nations leapfrog dirty energy while continuing to grow in prosperity and economic development.

Policy in this area consists of direct aid, targeted loans, market-based approaches such as the Clean Development Mechanism, and others. We need more info here!